Risk Factors Associated with Diabetes Mellitus in Local Population of Lahore, Pakistan

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst the people of Pakistan. In 2015, 7 million people had diabetes and the number is still on raise. Family history of diabetes, high body mass index, and other sociodemographic factors are the risk factors of diabetes. Persistent exposure to excessive glucose may be a reason behind diabetic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy and gestational diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: For the evaluation of laboratory parameters, 600 blood samples were collected at Akhuwat Diabetic Centre and from Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Demographic data of the participants was collected by filling a questionnaire. Lipid profile, liver enzymes, and renal function tests were performed and statistical analysis was done.

RESULTS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus among other types is the most prevalent form of diabetes in our population. Family history of diabetes (p=0.002), Body Mass Index (>25) p<0.001, high cholesterol (p=0.04), high triglyceride p<0.001, high LDL p<0.001 and low HDL p<0.001 are significantly associated with the incidence of diabetes. Hypertension among the other comorbidities is more common in diabetic patients.

CONCLUSION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is highly prevalent in the local population. Improved lifestyle and proper medical monitoring can help to manage diabetes in our population.